Andy,
I have used a polarizing filter (circular polarizing) in front of a scope, on a range where the direction of fire is north, and found that as I rotated the filter in its mount that there came a point where the image was different, with improved contrast, but as I said before, the amount that the image was darkened made the trade off seem not worth while.
In photography polarizing filters are used to darken the sky, make it a deeper blue, when using color film (pardon the antique reference) , the effect is most pronounced when the camera is pointed at a right angle to the arc of the sun. The filter must be rotated till the effect is most pronounced, which is why all of the filters that I have seen are constructed so that the filter can be turned while mounted on the front of a lens. These filters are also commonly used to reduce unwanted reflections from glass and metal surfaces. As to my remarks about yellow or orange filtration, I have a pair of prescription glasses that have lenses that were first dyed yellow, and then an orange tint added (plastic lenses) to give a sort of orange gold tint, that is not as irritating on a bright day as straight yellow would be. During the winter, when foggy and or heavily overcast conditions are common, the difference in contrast, apparent sharpness, and depth is quite striking, and of great benefit when driving. I may have the bit about circle of confusion wrong, but as I understand it, because our eyes have a single lens system they cannot compensate for the fact that blue light focuses at a longer distance behind the lens than other wavelengths, and that under certain conditions filtration can improve apparent image sharpness. Although my reference to the mechanism by which this is achieved may have been incorrect, nevertheless, the observed effect is quite real. I am curious, ave you experimented with the filters that I mentioned while viewing a target through a rifle scope as I have?
Boyd
Added later: Speaking of polarized light, the light coming from my LCD monitor must be entirely polarized, because if I rotate a polarizing filter in front of my eye, while looking at the screen, at one point of the filter's rotation, the screen goes entirely black. No, this does not relate to rifle scopes, but I thought that it was interesting.
http://www.ehow.com/info_8335247_tips-shoot-polarizing-filter.html