Well this is an IMHO, and it is coming from running cnc and manual machines, mills, lathes, grinder for almost 30 years now.
Boring a chamber sounds like a great way to do it...people have tried it. The back end where it is bigger would work the best, but it is the least important
...the real heart and soul of the chamber is the neck and throat, and on say a 222 think on how tiny, and how far it hangs out the boring bar would be to make the MOST critical part, the throat...and it is buzzing around on an interrupted cut cutting the lead.
Most any gunsmith who has worked a cnc job shop has spent hours daydreaming on this issue....I Think a boring bar could be made the shape of the cartridge with a bit of clearance, this would be stiffer by far. BUT still the cats meow would probably be to ream the last .05" or so of depth after the bring was all done. Burrs in the throat are the biggest issue I hear from guys that have tried to finish a chamber by boring.
Dave Kiff the guy who makes my reamers...does ALL the hard work for us...he gets all the radii and angles just right, that little gem of a reamer cuts what 20 dimensions at least all at once.
Tapers and close tolerance holes even in the cnc world are still cut mostly by....reamers, maybe today they are carbide reamers with high pressure coolant coming out of holes right in the flutes...but still reamers, and still mostly made just like one was made when Pope was in short pants
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Plus a decent CNC lathe of any size costs $25,000 or more, and the beasts have the habit of toasting mainboards that cost $1000 or more to exchange for a repaired one. And even more expensive little electronic/mechanical farts now and then. A cnc lathe of any size and quality needs 40-80 hours a week of work that pays $100 an hour just to keep it in feed and water
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Bill