Actually -- and as one who doesn't shoot 600 yards, but considerable 1,000 yard experience -- I'd say that for .30 caliber and 600 yards, middle-weight bullets are the place you should be looking with a .308. I take that to be 165 grains on the low end, and 210 on the high, with 185 to 190 just about ideal.
It isn't just weight & B.C. There is also the twist needed. So, a 190-grain bullet at around 3,000 fps can usually work in a 13-twist, and a 210 at 3,000 a 12-twist. That's actual experience, done it, got the T-shirt.
Heavy 30 bullets, as Brian Litz pointed out, are in the 230-240 grain range.
If I were building a .30 for 600 yards, it would be based on a .308 Winchester, or maybe a .30/06, or 7.5x55 Swiss (my personal choice, as I have brass). I'd probably start with the 185-grain bullet range. Anything bigger would be asking for the heavyweight bullets & 10-twist, and I'd think limited to a Heavy Gun (no weight limit).
The success of the 6mm in BR -- or BRX or Dasher lies, I think, in that it is a good compromise in terms of accuracy, wind drift, and recoil in the 17-pound rifles. 17-pounds isn't as much as one might think. I own & have shot a big .338 in a 17-pound rifle, and it's worse than a .308 in a 10-pound rifle, particularly with the torque.
But to answer your question, no. A short-range 30-BR has won a 600 yard match or two, but not often.
Edit:
There is plent of room for experimentation at 600 with the 30's, but if you just want to win & not fuss, the 6mm with 95-110 grain bullets makes it easy.