I don't know why anyone has any issue measuring firing pin fall on a 700. If you take all measurements with the trigger in, and the bolt closed, all you have to do is measure from the back of the cocking piece to the back of the shroud. If the cocking piece sticks out of the back of the shroud when the action is cocked, you measure that, and add how far it sticks out to how far down in the shroud it is after the action is fired, chamber empty.
On the protrusion, I think that there was something else going on, because .050 should be plenty to fire the rifle. I say this because a retired engineer from Savage, Bob Greenleaf, once told me that he set his personal Savages for .035. Although there have been changes recently, at that time all of their long and short CF actions had adjustable protrusion.
Cock on close happens as the bolt handle is turned down, after the cocking on opening has taken place. The complication is that the back of the shroud moves as the handle is turned down because of the threaded connection to the bolt body. Fortunately we can calculate this change. The shroud thread is 1/2-13 so on a RH action the shroud moves to the rear (1/13)/4" one divided by 13, that answer divided by four). This works out to .019" . Measure where the back of the cocking piece is relative to the back of the shroud, with the bolt held forward but before it is turned down, then take the same measurement after turning the bolt down and on a RH action add .019". For a LH action subtract that amount. For a stock RH 700 SA that I just measured, bolt forward after cocking on opening the cocking piece sticks out of the shroud .009. After turning the handle down the same measurement is .049. Subtracting one from the other and adding .019 gives .059 cock on close.
