Carbide tooling for barrel contouring , especially on a small lathe would not be my choice. True that carbide tooling offers the best wear resistance, but vibration is its worst enemy. Long, flimsy, barrels do vibrate some regardless the setup. My first choice would be High Speed Cobalt HSSCo, in insert form if you want easy interchangeability, or, hand ground to have good chipbreaking design and sharp cutting edge for less pushoff
and least heat buildup.
The main thing to be aware of in barrel contouring is any cutting motion that would build up stresses in the barrel, so, make sure you have a cutting edge that cuts with minimum stress.
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