Barrel Length
A few years back, I had the opportunity to do an extesive test for 6mmbr.com on barrel length with the 6BR a 1-8 twist configuration. We were furnished with a special 32" blank, so we could cut it back 1/2 inch at a time to determime what barrel length was "enough", using the current crop of 105-108 grn bullets.
Velocity showed no significant drop untill we hit 28 inches. Then it started the predictable drop ratio per 1 inch removed that is pretty standard. To get the exact numbers, you can go do a search on 6mmbr.com. I think the article is still on file.
2950-3000 fps is a real good number to shoot for with a typical 105 VLD bullet. This will be very difficult to achieve with a 24" barrel without getting into pressure issues.
As for the balance issues, the extra two inches will add about 8 ounces out on the nose. Since this is not a competition Rifle, and is not constrained by weight, you can add weight at the rear to balance things out if you so choose. Stephen is right, in rifles where you are limited to a certain weight, you sometimes have to compromise barrel weight in order to keep the balance right.
As for you Gunsmith thinking a 28 inch tube is too much for a 700, there is no evidence to back that up. I would see no problem at all in hanging a 28 inch tube in HV contour off of a properly bedded 700. Why give up 2 inches of potential velocity, (this is a long rang live varmint rig, those hills look pretty far off), to rectify a problem that does not exist.
My memory might fail me on this, but I think back in the early 2000's, a 1000 yard shooter won a Nationals with straight 1 1/4 inch 30 inch barrel hanging off of a Rem 721.
I like your 40x stock. Using pillars and a proper bedding job, those big chunks of Walnut make a fine platform for a good shooting Rifle.........jackie